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ืžืืช: ืœื™ืื•ืจื” ืกื•ื˜ื• - ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช
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ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆืœืฆืœ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื• ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”. ืงื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืœ ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื– ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™. ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ืœืชื™ื™ืงืŸ ืœืฉืžืจืŸ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื™ ืœื ืคืขื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืžืžื›ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช. ื™ืฉื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืืกื•ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ืคื ื” ืื•ืชื ืืœื™, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœื ืคืขื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืคื™ืกื•ืœ, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืชืจืคื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“.[1]ย ืื™ืœื• ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืคืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื– ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืืœื™ื• ืืš ืœื ื”ืจืฉืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•.

ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ื•ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•. ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื”: ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืœืžื“ื” ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื“ืคืก. ื’ื ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื•ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ืช ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™. ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืื ืจืงืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื–ื” ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•. ื™ืฉื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ืื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืคืจื˜ ื•ืœื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืžืคื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืงืฆืจื” ืงื‘ืขื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื”. ืœื ื“ื ื• ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™.

ืื™ืฉื” ื ืื”, ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ืžืžื“ื™ื, ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ืžืื•ืคืจืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื• ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœื”, ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืขืจื•ืช, ืจืฆืชื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ, ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช, ืœืชืช ืœืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืขืฆืžืŸ.[2]ย ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืจืฆืชื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจื•ื“ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจืžื™ืงื”, ื•ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื”.

ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœื™ื, โ€œื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™โ€, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืคื ืชื” ืœืคื™ืกื•ืœ. ืžื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื–ื• ื•ืžืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ืฉืœื™. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™: โ€œืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœโ€. ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืชื— ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื—ื™ื™ื›ืชื™ ืืœื™ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืชืคื ื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื•. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืžื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืฉืคื•ื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืคืงืชื™ ืœื” ืื•ืชื•. ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื–ื” ืœืขืžืช ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื ื”.

ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื–ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”:โ€œ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื”ืขื–ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืคืกืœ ื›ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืžื•ืงืคื“ืช ื•ืžื ื•ืžืกืช. ื›ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื’ื™ื—ื• ืขืœื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ืขื™ื ื™ื™ืโ€.[3]ย ืื‘ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื” โ€œืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืžืœื•ืชโ€, ื•ืืžื” โ€œื›ื ื•ืขื”, ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–ืชโ€. ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžืื•ืคืงืช.

ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื ืกืขื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื” ืืช ืžื–ืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ืœืคืจื ืกืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, โ€œืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜, ืื™ืฉ ืขื•ืœื, ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜, ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™โ€, ื•ืงื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืฉืื™ืชื• ืชืคืœื™ื’ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืจืชื”, ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ื›ื—ื•ืœืช ืœื‘, ืฉื‘ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื”. โ€œืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ ื•ื—ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ ึพ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื™ื—ื“โ€, ืกื™ื›ืžื” ืืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื”.

ืžืื– ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื›ืฉืฉื‘ื” ืžืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉื›ืจื” ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”, ื›ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉื—ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืกืขื“ื” ืื•ืชื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช, ืขื“ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื. ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื‘ืช 65, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืฉืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืฉื, ื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื โ€œื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืชโ€ ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจืฉื” ืžืืžื” ึพื›ืš ืœืžื“ืชื™ ึพืงื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”. ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช ึพโ€œื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘โ€.ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

ืžืื– ืฉื‘ื” ืžืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืœื“ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.

ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจื™ื’ืฉื” ื•ื”ืœื”ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื”. ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืืกืชื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืืœื™ื” ืฉืืคื” ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”: ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืื• ืžื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืคืฉื™.

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืืš ื”ืคืกืœ ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืชื›ื ื ื”, ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื ื–ื ื—. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”: โ€œื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื™ืงื” ืœื’ืžืจื™!โ€ ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื” ืœืฉื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ืžื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ. โ€œืื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืชื•ืšโ€“ืชื•ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื”, ื”ื—ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœืชโ€, ืืžืจื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื• ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืคืชื— ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืืœื ืจืง ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื” ืœืฉื—ืง. ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™โ€“ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื”, ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ืื™ืžื ื” ืžื•ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• โ€œื”ืงืœืฃ ื”ื—ื–ืงโ€ ืฉืœื”. ื›ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”.[4]

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™โ€“ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”, ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืกื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืคืกืœ ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืžืคื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื™, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•.

ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ืœืคืกืœ, ื•ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื•, ืืš ื›ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืจืื” ื ืชืงืคื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื™โ€“ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉืžื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ, ืื• ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ื™, ื•ืœื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื‘ื›ืขืก. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืขื™ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”, ืขืœื™ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉืชืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”; ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืชื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื”: โ€œืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ื!โ€, ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ: โ€œื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘!โ€, ื•ื›ืœืคื™ื™: โ€œื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืืช ืœื™ ืงืฉื” ืžื“ื™!โ€ ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืงืคื” ืžื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ืืช ืฉืชื™ื ื• ืื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื•, ื•ืฉืจื“ื ื• ืืช ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืชื”, ื ื•ืฆืจ ืคืกืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ืื™ื ื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื•ืœื• ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื”, ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงืจื” ื‘ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืชื•ื ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืžื ื™.

ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช, ื›ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื—ืฉืชื™ ืฆืขืจ. ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื– ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื ืกื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื—ืกืจืช ืื•ื ื™ื.

ืืช ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืคืจืงื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”: ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืคื” ืืช ืื’ื•ื“ืœื™ื” ืœื—ื•ืžืจ, ืžืขื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื™ืžืคื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, โ€œื”ืจื‘ื™ืฆื”โ€ ื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ โ€œืฉืจื˜ื”โ€ ื•/ืื• โ€œื“ืงืจื”โ€ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื. ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ึพ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชืชโ€“ื”ื›ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืคืกืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.

ืœื ื“ื ืชื™ ืขืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ[5]ย ื™ื‘ืœื•ื ืขืจื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช.

ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื˜ืื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช: โ€œืฉืชื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชืš ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš, ืฉืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืคืกืœื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ื‘ื”ื. ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืืช ืฉื—ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”โ€. ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.[6]

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืืœื”, ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื’ืขื’ื•ืข ืœืชืงื•ืคื”, ืœื’ื‘ืจ, ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงืคื“ืชื™ ืœืฉื“ืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืืœื•. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืฉืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืชืงืฆืจื• ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืกื•ืœ.

ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชื™ืงื— ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื”, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืชืจืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ืช.[7]

ื”ืื™ืžืจื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช โ€œื‘ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืจื™โ€ ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืœื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื“ืคื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืชื”. โ€œืืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชืโ€, ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืคืขื. ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื• ื”ืžื ื”ืœืช ืื™ืชื ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’, ืœื ื”ื ืขืžื”.

ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”. ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืคืกืœื™ื” ืœืžื“ื” ืžื™ ืžื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื. โ€œื“ืจืš ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืกื ื ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื‘ืงืฉืจ. ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื™โ€, ืืžืจื”. ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื”.

ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื•ื ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืช ื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ื–ืืช. ืคืกืœื™ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืงื™ืฉื˜ื• ืื•ืชื•, ืืš ื’ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช ืœื™ืฆืจ ื•ืœืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœื”, ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ืขื™ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžื‘ืขื‘ืจ.[8]

ื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื—ืœืชื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ืœืžื“ื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืขืฉืขื” ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉโ€œื”ื•ืโ€ ื™ื•ืคื™ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืกืข ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื˜ืช ืขืœ ืฉโ€œื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื”โ€ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื. ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ื”ื™ืชื”: โ€œืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืจืช. ื›ืš ื’ื™ื“ืœื• ืื•ืชื™, ื›ืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ืชื™, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•โ€. ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉื ืฆืขื“ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืืจืกืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจืฅ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”.

ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื›ื•ื— ืคื™ื–ื™, ืจืง ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืืœืฆื” ืœื ื•ื— ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ืฉื˜ื™ืคืกื” ืืœ ื—ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืคื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืœื” ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘, ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.

ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื™ื—ื“, ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ื“. ืืš ื’ื ืื– ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื™ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ืคืกืงืช ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ื—ืกื™ืžืช ื”ืืคื™ืง ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ื˜ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. โ€œืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื... ืื•ืœื™... ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืŸ?โ€

ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉืชืขืฉืขืช ืื™ืชื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช:โ€œ ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื–ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“?โ€œ

ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆื•ื—ืงืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: โ€œืื™ืš ืืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช?!โ€œ

ืกื™ื›ืžื ื• ืืคื•ื ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื” ืคื™ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื”. ืฉื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช (ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ืืœื™ื™ ืœืฉื ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืชืŸ). ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื™ืคืจื” ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—ื” ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื” ื›ื•ื—.

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืขืœ ืคืกืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™, ื•ื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืœื‘ื•ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื” โ€œืื™ืฉื•ืจโ€ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืจืš, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืชืืคืง ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืื™ ื•ืฆืœืฆืœื” ืืœื™ ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืกืคืจ: โ€œืคื™ืกืœืชื™ ืคืกืœ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช. ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชื‘ื•ืื™ ืœืจืื•ืชโ€.

ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืœืœื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืคื ืง ื•ืœื”ืชืคื ืง. ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™, ื—ื™ื›ื” ืœื™ ืžื’ืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื•ืก ืชื” ื•ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืกื™ื ืจ ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืžืชืงื•ืคืชื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืžื—ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ. ืื ื™ ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื›ื•ืก ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืžื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื—ื–ืจื”, ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืชื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”.

ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ (ื”ื—ืœืงื™) ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืคืกืœื™ื™ ืœื ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื. ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชืฉืคื•ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ืฉืœื”.

ื”ื”ืกืชื’ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื ืก ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื” ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืœื” ืœืคืชื— ื—ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ื—ืฉืฉ, ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคืชื. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืžืจื™ ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžื ื”. ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื ืœืžื“ ื•ื ื•ืฉืคืข ืžืืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืื“ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื“ื™, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”โ€œืžืคื’ืฉโ€ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืžื ื™ื ืืœื• ืจื•ืžื ืืช ืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืจืจื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. โ€œืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืืžื ื™ืช. ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื–ืงื ืชื™ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื–ืืชโ€, ืืžืจื”.

ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคืกืœ ืจืืฉื™ื. ืžื–ื’ื” ื”ืื™ืžืคื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื™ื‘ ืคืกืœื™ ืคื ื™ื ืœืโ€“ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ืืœื” ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืžืจืื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœื” ืžื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื” ื‘ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื™ ืืจืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœ ืžืขื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื ืกื ืกื™ื™ื ืื• ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื•ืงืคื“ืช ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœื”ืฆื’ื”. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืœื”ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฆื‘ืขื” ืืช ืคืกืœื™ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ โ€œืฉื”ื ื™ืจืื• ื’ืžื•ืจื™ืโ€ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”. ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืš ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.

ืœืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ื”ื ื“ืžื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื ืœืงื•ื ื•ืก ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื•. ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื›ืฉืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื” ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืจื•ืฉื โ€œื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืชโ€. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืคืกืœโ€œ ืื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืงโ€, ื•ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”.

ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื ื˜ืœื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžืจ, ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืจืฆืชื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื•ื’ืจืขื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื”. ื”ื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ โ€œื”ืืจื•ื—ื”โ€ ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืกืœ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื.

ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ื—ื–ื•ืชื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืกืชื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ื™ืคื• ืจื™ื— ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉื, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืชื” ื ืงื™ ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉโ€œื’ืจื•โ€ ืื™ืชื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ึพ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืœืฉื” ื‘ื•. ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื™ื“ืขื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื” โ€œืœื”ืชื™ื™ื“ื“โ€ ืขืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ืจืชืขื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื“ืจ ืชื—ืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ืื• ืžื›ืš ืฉื‘ื’ื“ื™ื” ื”ืชืœื›ืœื›ื•. ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื”: โ€œื—ื™ืžืจ ืœื ืžืœื›ืœืš!โ€ ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจืง, ื”ื’ืœื™ื“ื”, ื”ืคื™ืจื”, ื™ืฆืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืช ืคืกืœื™ื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ึพ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืจืื” ึพื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ืกื™ืคืง ืื•ืชื”.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืคื—ืช, ื”ืชืงืฉืชื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืฆืชื”. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืงืฆื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื›ื›ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื (ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืœื•ืขืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื›ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื), ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืคืกืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื”. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ืจื’ืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•. ืฉืขื” ืฉืœืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ื ืื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื˜ืคืœ ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ืœืขื–ื•ืจ, ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง, ืขืœื™ื• ื’ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื•ืืช ืฉืคืชื•. ืจืง ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื, ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœื”ื

ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืคืกืœ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืฃ ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื™ืžืคื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคืกืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืชืฉืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื™ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื˜ืชื”. ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื“ืชื” ืœื™ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื ืžืจื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืืคืฉืจืชื™ ืœื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื” ื—ืœืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฆืืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื–ืจืชื™ ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืชื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืืœื™ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ ืฉื•ื‘. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” โ€œื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชืšโ€, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืคืกืœ. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื“ื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ, ื•ืœื ืื ื™.

ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช. ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืœื ื”ื‘ืขืชื™ ืขืžื“ื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” (ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื).ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื—ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืœื” ื›ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืœืงืจืžื™ืงื”, ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื. ื’ื ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืื™ืชื”, ืืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกืคืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช. ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื‘ื“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื™ื›ืœื”. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ. ืกืžื›ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกืงืจื ื™ืช. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืขื–ืจืชื™, ื ืžืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื ื•.

ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืืœื™ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžื”. ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืคืœืื”. ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ, โ€œื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™โ€, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื”. ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืื™ืชื”. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ืงืจื”, ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื”. ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืฉืœื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื™ ืื ื•, ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื, ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืื“ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืกื•ืงื” ืžืื•ื“, ืืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื”ืคืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ โ€œืœื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅโ€ ื‘ืคืกืœื™ื”(ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ื›ืฉืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื).

ื“ื™ืจืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืชื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ืงื•ื“ื: ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ืจืื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•. ื—ืœืง ืžืคืกืœื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืคืกืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืจืื• ืœื™ ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืืš ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื โ€œืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื™ ืคื—ื•ืชโ€. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ืฉื”ืขื“ืคืชื™ ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืฉื•ืชืคื™ื” ืœืกื“ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืคืกืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืืš ืœืฉื•ื•ื. ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืžื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคื™ื ืชื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืชื”. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘, ืกื™ื›ืžื ื• ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืืฆืœื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื›ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืื‘ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื•ื”ื ืื” ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉืงื˜ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆืจื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืชืคืก ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. โ€œืื ื™ ืฉืงื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื•โ€, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”. ืขืชื” ื”ืžืขื™ื˜ื” ืœืคื ื˜ื– ืขืœ ืคืกืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,โ€œ ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืโ€, ืืžืจื” ื‘ืคื™ื›ื—ื•ืŸ. ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืขืชื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ืชื”, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ืื–ืœื•. ื’ื ื”ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืžื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื”. ืชืกื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื ื˜ื– ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื”. ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžื•ื›ืœ. ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืชื’ืืชื” ื‘ื•:โ€œ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื•ืคืœโ€, ืืžืจื”, โ€œืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ืคืœโ€, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืื—ืจ ืจื’ืข.

ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉืขื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช โ€œืฉืืจื’ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื”โ€, ื•ืชื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืืœื™ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ. ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื ื—ืžื”. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื›ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”.

ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœืงืชื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘. ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืงืจื•ืข ืžืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื˜ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื—ื–ื•ืชื” ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืื” ื›ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•โ€œืœื˜ื™ื™ื—โ€ ืืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื ื•, ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข... ืื‘ืœ ืฉื, ื‘ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืขื™ื, ื›ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืชื”, ื—ืฉืชื™ ืจืง ืื™ืš ืงืจื‘ื™ื™ ืžืชื”ืคื›ื™ื.

ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื’ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื‘ืœื™ืช. ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ื” ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื•ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื—ื™ื•ืš ืขื ืงื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” โ€œื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื!โ€ ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืšโ€“ืชื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”. ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœื ืฉืžื” ืฉื‘ื”, ืœื ืœื’ื•ืฃ.

ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื”, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”, ืืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืžื“ื™.

ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื”. ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื” ืื• ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื‘ื•ืื™.

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ืœื‘ ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืœื”. ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืชื›ืœื” ื•ืžืชื›ืขืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืจืš, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืžื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื ืจืงื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ (ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™) ืœืื™ืคื•ืง, ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžื”ืฆื“, ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,[9]ย ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชืจืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื™ ืขืฆืžื™, ืฉื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื ืคื˜ืจื”... ื™ื”ื™ ื–ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืš.

ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜

ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉื’ื™ืœืชื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื•ืœื“ ืื• ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ืกื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื™ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• โ€œืจืงโ€ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืชื•, ืื• ืฉืžื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ โ€œืœื”ื‘ืจื™ืโ€ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืžื ื”. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืื ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ืžืจืช, ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ืื“ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ, ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืคืื”.

(ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืกโ€˜ ืโ€˜ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืœ, ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื–ื”, ื‘ืคืจืง โ€œื”ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžืื•ื™ื™ืโ€). ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื›โ€œืœื—ืฅ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื‘ืข ืคื•ืจืงืŸโ€. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืกืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื›โ€œื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”โ€. ื”ื ืจื™ ืคืจื ืก ืฉื™ืœื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืœื–ื• ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ืจื›ืฉืช. ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกืงื ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ย ืฉโ€œื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ [...] ืื•ืœื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืงืŸ ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืœื—ืฅ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืชื ืื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื–ืขื: ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ ืื™โ€“ื ื—ืชโ€.

ืืฆืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื—ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ืžื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื ื˜ โ€œืœื”ืชืคืœืฉโ€, ืœืฉื—ืง, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ึพ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื” ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื•ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ืคืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ืคื ื ืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”, ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื” ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” โ€œืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืชโ€, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ืืฃ ื—ืกืจืช ืขืจืš ื•ื ื—ื•ืชื”. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืชืกื›ืœืช, ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ื•ืžืกืจืกืช.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”, ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืืžืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ืœืงืจื•ื ืชื™ื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืกืจืก ืฉื”ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื”, ื•ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื–: โ€œื”ื ื ื™, ืื ื™ ื–ื• ืื ื™!โ€ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ื›โ€œื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื“ื—ื•ื™ื”โ€, ื›ื™ ื‘ื” ื“ื—ื• ืืช ืืฉืจ ื ืคืฉื” ืจืฆืชื”, ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืก: ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืžื” โ€œื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ ืื™ ื ื—ืชโ€. ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืืฃ ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขืžื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”. ืืœื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืขืก ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ืืฉื ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื” ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื—ืจื“ื”, ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉืœื ื‘ื•ื˜ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช.

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™, ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ ื›ืื‘ ืื• ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืฉื—ื•ื•ืชื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืคื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืขืก. ืื ืกื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื•: ื‘ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉื—ื•ื•ืชื”, ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ ื‘โ€œืฆื“โ€ ืฉืœื” ื•โ€œื ื’ื“โ€ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”, ืฉืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื” (ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช โ€œืœื ื™ืคื™ืโ€œ). ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืžืฆื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื•ืฉืงื˜ื”, ืฉืชืขื ื™ืง ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ โ€œื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชืงื ืชโ€, ื•ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ โ€œืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“โ€ ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ื—ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ึพ ื”ื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืจื“ื”, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื ึพ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืคื™ื™ืก ืขืžื. ืœื ืœื”ืขืœื™ืžื, ืืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœื. ื•ื›ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ืคื—ืชื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช, ื•ืฆืคื• ื”ื›ืื‘, ื”ืจื’ื™ืขื”, ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื”ื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™.

ืœื ืคืขื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืžืชื™, ืขื ืžื™, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ึพ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช?

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขืžื” ืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ื™ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช. ื’ื ืขื›ืฉื•, ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”, ืžืชื—ื“ื“ืช ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื•ื”. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 65 ื”ืจืฉืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืกืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ื›ืžื”ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ึพ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื. ืืœื• ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืช ื•ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœืคื™ื™ ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ื“ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” (ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข), ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืกืข, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื’ื ื›ืฉโ€œืชืจืžื™ืœื”โ€ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“. ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™

[1]ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืืš ืฉื•ื ื™ื: ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื ืชืชื™ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืฆื‘ืข ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ื™. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื™ ึพ ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืžื˜ืคืœืช. ื”ืงืคื“ืชื™ ืฉื”โ€œื—ื•ื–ื”โ€ ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื/ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

[2]ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืชื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืฆื‘ืข ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื (ืื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื), ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ื›ืฉื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืื™ืžื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”: ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืชืจืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ (ืจืื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขื ื“ื•ื™ื“ ึพ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื), ืืš ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.

[3]ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื™ืงืจ ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืขื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืจืขื ื ื”, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื” [...] ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจโ€. ื“โ€˜ ื•โ€˜ ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜, ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืขืžโ€˜159.

[4]ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืจืง ืžืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืฆื•ืจื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื—ืง ืจืืฉื•ื ื™. ืจืง ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™โ€. ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜, ืขืžโ€˜88.

[5]ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ึพ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืžื ืกื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.

[6]ื“โ€˜ ื”ื ืœื™, ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืชืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ืžืจ (ืขืžโ€˜25-26), ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืฆื‘ืข: โ€œื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืชืจืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืžืจโ€. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืื—ืจื™ื: ื›ืจื™ืก (1952 Kris,) ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื” ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืœโ€œืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืชโ€. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ืœืชืชโ€“ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ื• ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืชโ€“ืžื•ื“ืข, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ื“ื™ืžื•ื™. ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช (1987 .(Naumburg, 1966; ื•ื™ื ืจ (1981 ,(Winner ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ืช ืืช ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•, ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื›ืชื‘ ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•: โ€œืžื˜ืคื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•โ€.

[7]ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื”. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืคื•, ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื•ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกืงืืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื™, ื•ืœื”ืกืก ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืื• ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืชื•.

[8]ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜: โ€œื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช [...] ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ [...]โ€ (ืขืžโ€˜91).

[9]ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ืืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ืช ื›ื™ โ€œื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื“ืจ ืœืš

[10]ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ. ืื™ื–ื” ืชืกืคื•ืจืช. ื›ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœโ€˜ื–ื ื‘ ื”ืกื•ืกโ€™ ื”ื–ื”โ€. ืขื ืช ื‘ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืกืคืจ, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืชื™ืืจื” ื›โ€œืžืžืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ืœืื“ืโ€.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืชื™ ืืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืคืชืงื”, ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื ื• ืขื ืช ืชื•ืจ. ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื” ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืฉืขืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ืชืฃ, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“, ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืžืคื• ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื•ื‘ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืงืช, ื•ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืคืกืœืช, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื™ ืคืกืœ ืฉื™ืฆืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื ืชืชื™ ืœื• ื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ืœื•. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืกืจืง ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื™ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืžืจืื”. ื ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืกืคืจ ืื•ืชื™. ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ื˜.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื, ื’ื–ืจ ืืช ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืงืจื ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื” โ€œื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื™โ€, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืœืื›ืชื•. ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘. ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจื’ืขืชื™ ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”โ€œืชืกืคื•ืจืชโ€, ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืืœ ืกืคืจ ืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื“ ื ืžืจืฆืช ื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื”ืกืคืจ ืชืกืคื•ืจืช ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช, ื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืฉื™ืขืจ, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืžืฉ ื ืคืœื.

ืฉืขื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ืืกืคืชื™ ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืžื™ื™ื”, ืกื™ืœืงืชื™ ื”ืฆื“ื” ืืช ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™, ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืกืœื˜, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืชืกืคื•ืจื•ืช... ืžืื– ืื ื™ ืจืง ื’ื•ื–ืจืช ืืช ืงืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืจื™, ื•ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ื‘ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.