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ืžืœื™ ืจื–, ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”
maliraz1@gmail.com

ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืืฆื™ื’ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ย ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื' ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื”ื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœ ย ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ื ื˜ืื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืงืฃ ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”, ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ, ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื’ื•ื ื™ืกื˜, ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ื•ืขื ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช (ืืจืฆื™,1991).

ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ืืžื ื•ืื‘ื ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืžื•ืคืจ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ. ื•ื•ืœืจืกื˜ื™ืŸ (ื•ื•ืœืจืกื˜ื™ืŸ, 2000) ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”, ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช. ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืขืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•, ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”. ืœืคื™ ืคื•ืงืก ( Fox ,2001), ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช . ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืชื™ืจื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื ื”ื ื™ื—ืคืฉื• ืื”ื‘ื”, ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช (2001 Jeynes,).

ืœืขืชื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื ื“ื—ืงื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”"ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ". ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืืจื™ืงืกื•ืŸ (1987) ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™. ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชืื•ืจื˜ื™ืงื ื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื”. ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื', ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ย ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.

ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ย 

ืืœื‘ืง (ืืœื‘ืง, 1983) ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”: ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืกืžื›ื•ืช.

ืฉืžืื™ (ืฉืžืื™ 1999) ืžืกื‘ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื”, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืžืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืืš ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืื‘ ื•ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืฉื ื™ื. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืชื”, ืืš ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช. ย 

ื‘ื•ืืŸ (Bowen, 1978) ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“, ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืง ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ("Attachment") ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืคื™ื ืฆื™ ื•ื›ื”ืŸ, 2001).

ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ - ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื’ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื ื›ืื‘ ืืš ื’ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ 2002). ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘. ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ื˜ื™ืย  ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. "ื™ืœื“ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ" ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™, ื‘ืขืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืขืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช (Emaery,1988 ). Hetherington ย (1984) ื‘ื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฆืื” ืฉื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ืฆื—, ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื•ื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ืจื“ ืืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื ืฆื— ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืœื›ืื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง, ื–ื” ืฉื™ื“ืข ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง, ืœืชืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ืœื›ืื‘, ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ". ย Hetherington, 1989)). ืžืฆื‘ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื–ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืœื” ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.

ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช: ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืืจื” ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื—ื“, ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” "ืฉื“ ื˜ื•ื‘". ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ืฉ ืจื“ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื•ืื‘. ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื—ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืืชืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื•ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื—ืจื“ืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืื ืžื•ืคื ืžืช ื‘ืกืคืœื™ื˜ "ืฉื“ ื˜ื•ื‘" ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื•"ืฉื“ ืจืข" ืžืจื•ืงืŸ, ืžืื™ื™ื. ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืื’ื•. ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืกืช ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ย  ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ืœืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜-ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜, ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื•ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื“ืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื: ื”ืฉื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฉื“ ื”ืจืข, ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื”ืจืก ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื-ื™ืœื“, ื“ื™ืื“ื”. "ืื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื”", ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”, ืื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”"ืžืฆืข" ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง (holding environment). ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืฉื ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืขืฆืžื• ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื” ืžืฆึดึดึดื“ื”, The capacity to be alone. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืขื“ืจ ืื• ื ืคื’ื ืฉืœื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช.

ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ืขืœ ืžืฆืข ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืชืงื™ื ื™ื, ืื ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ืื˜ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ "ืžื•ื›ืœ" ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืื™ื™ื ืœืคืจืง ืื•ืชื”. ื™ืœื“ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.

ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจื”

ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•- ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™. ื”ืžื›ืœ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืฆืขื“ ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ืืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”: ื›ืคื™ืœ, ืžืจืื”, ืื’ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.

ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื

ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”: ืžืฉืš - 60 ย ื“ืงื•ืช. ื˜ืงืก ืคืชื™ื—ื” - ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.

ื—ื™ืžื•ืย - ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืคืขื•ืœื” - ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“/ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ/ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื/ื” ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ืฉืจื™ื ื’ย - ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื˜ืงืก ืกื™ื•ื - ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืงื‘ื•ืข: "ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ".

ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”: ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™

ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื 1- 5ย  ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ, ืงืจื•ื™ ื’ื - Me & Extension me

ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื•ืจื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื›ืคื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžืกืคืง, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืง. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ื“ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืงืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืืช ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืื ื™ - ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืžืฆืžื™ื—ื” "ืขืฆืžื™" ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื›ืฉื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ ืื™ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื.

ืžื˜ืจื•ืชย - ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืžื ื—ื”. ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื”. ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœืœ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ื ืฉื–ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื•ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืืฃ ื”ื—ืœื• ืžืชื ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืš. ืชื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช: ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” - ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืžื”ื ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืืฆื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื ื—ื”.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1

ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืคื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื "ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ". ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”ย  ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•. ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘"ื—ืจื“ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืฆื™ื™ืจ. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช.

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ืงืก ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืฃ ืขื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ.

ืฉื—ืจ: "ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืชื™ ืขื ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ื’ื ืืžื". ืืœืขื“: "ืื ื™ ืขื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืœื•ื›ื“ ื”ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืื‘ื ืงื ื” ืœื™". ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืจ, ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ, ืื ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” - ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื•ืื– ืžืชื ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืš. ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืœื“ ืฉืฉื•ืชืง -ย  ื›ืคื™ืœ: ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืขืก.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 2

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืชย - ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื’ืฉ. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืข ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื’. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืข ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœื• ืœื”ืคืš. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœย  ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจ. ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืชื”. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”: "ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื ื™" "ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฆื•ื—ืงืช".

ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™: ย ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื 6 - 12 ย ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžืจืื”, Me & Stranger me

ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื™. ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื. ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืื—ืจ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืจื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ย ื”ืžืจืื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžืŸ ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ โ€“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ , ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ โ€“ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ื”ืื’ื• ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืขืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืืชื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื: ืื™ืš ื”ืื—ืจ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื™? ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™?ย  ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”ย  ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืขืœื•. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ื™ืชย  ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืื—ืจ, ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืจืื”. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืง ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ืžื˜ืจื•ืชย - ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื”ืžื›ืœ, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืง ื”ื–ื” ืœืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื—ื“ืจ ื™ืชืคืจืง, ืฉื”ืžื ื—ื” ืื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื™ืชืคืจืงื•. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื“.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช: ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืš ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืžื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช? ืžื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™? ืžื” ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืจื•ืฆื”? ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ืืŸ.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1

ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ืืœืขื“ ืžืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื—ืชื•ื ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื›ื—. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœื›ืš ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื ืืžื โ€“ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืš ืื‘ืย  ืืœื™.

ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื ืื‘ื - ืื ื™ ืืฉืืจ ืืชืš ืชืžื™ื“ - ืชืžื™ื“.

ืืœืขื“ ืžื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืืช ืžืฉืืœืชื• ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ืชื•ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื: ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื™ื”ืจืก. (ืืžื ืฉืชื›ืขืก ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ื).

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 2

ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ืก ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืงืจื”.

ืฉื—ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจื” (ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืื‘ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืืžื ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœื™). ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืชื ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ.

ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืย - ืฉื—ืจ ื—ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื›ื— ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœืš ืืฃ ืคืขื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืย - ืฉื—ืจ ืžืชื•ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ืš ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื™ื™ ืœื‘ื“.

ื”ืงื•ืคืกื”ย - ืื ื™ ืœื ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื™ืฉืืจื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื.

ืฉื—ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื• ืืœืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ื”, ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ืžืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•ื- ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื. ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ย ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื 12- 20 ืฉืœื‘ย  ื”ืื’ื• ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข, Me & Other me

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืคื ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ (ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•...ืื). ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžืงื“ื ืืœ ื”ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช.

ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช:ย ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืง ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื”.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช: ื›ืคื™ืœ,ย  ืื’ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.

ืชื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช: ื›ืขืก, ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืขืžืงื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ื• ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” โ€“ ืœืืŸ ืื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš?

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ื“ื•ื’ืžื”

ื‘ืช-ืืœ โ€“ ืžื•ื–ืžื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืœ ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ืงื”. ื‘ืช ืืœ ืžืืจื’ื ืช ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ืœ โ€“ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” . ืžื™ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื—ื•ืง. ืืช ืื‘ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืœื ืืช ืื™ืžื”, ืืช ย ืื—ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืžื ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืืจื’ื ืช ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืคืชื— ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืžืงืžืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืช-ืืœ ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœืื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืœืื‘ย  ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืฆืขื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื’ื ืช ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืืจื’ื ืช ืœื” ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืขื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืคื•ืœืฉ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื–ืจ: ืฆื‘ื™ืงื” ื”ื ื”ื’. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช-ืืœ ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœืช.

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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™: ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื 20-24 ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื - Me & You

ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื• ืื—ืช ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›"ืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”". ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจ. ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ ย ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ. ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื™ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœืช ื‘ื›ืขืกื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™, ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื ื™ืคืจืงื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื ืฉืืจืช ืื™ืชื ื”. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื”ื "ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื”" , "ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื“ื”".

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื™ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ืžื•.

ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช: ื‘ื™ืกื•ืกย  ืขืฆืžื™ ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช: ื›ืคื™ืœ,ย  ืื’ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขย  ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.

ืชื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช: ื›ืขืก, ื ื˜ื™ืฉื”,ย  ื›ืื‘ ื”ืขืžืงื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืžืžืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ.

ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘. ืžืฉื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืžื™ ื™ื•ื–ืžืŸ, ืžื” ื™ื•ื’ืฉ ื•ืžื” ืื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ืžืชื ื” ืžืžื ื™.

ื™ืฉ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ โ€“ ื›ืฉืืžื ื•ืื‘ื ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื• ืฉื ืœื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืงื˜ื ื”.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื”

ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืœืขื“ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืฆืœืงืช ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื”: "ื”ื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœืงืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืืžื ืœื ืžืจืฉื” ืœื™ ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืืชื ืœื ืชืœื›ื• ื•ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื™ ืžืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื– ืื‘ื ื’ื ืขื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืจืง ืื ื™ ื•ืืžื ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืืžื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื—ื“ ืฉืืžื ืชืชืจื’ื– ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ื ื•ืชื›ืขืก ืขืœื™. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืฉืœ ืขื“ืŸ ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื‘ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื’ืจ ืืชื ื•, ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ 'ืื‘ื ืืœื™'.ย  ื”ื™ื•ื ืืชื›ื ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœืงืช ื•ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืืชื›ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ืชืœื›ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืชืขื–ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื’ื ืืช -ืœืžื ื—ื”- ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™". ืืœืขื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืงืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืฉืœื ืœืœื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืœื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉื ื‘ืจื— ืžืžื ื•.

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ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื—ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื•, ืžืจื’ืข ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื ื•. ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ื•: ย ืื ืžื–ื™ื ื”, ืฉื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืžื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื”. ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืฆืžื—ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ "ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™". ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื•ื– ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืจื•ืข ืžื–ืœื• ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืชืคืจืง ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืื• ืœืฆืžืฆื•ืžื•. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉื, ืื ืžืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืื—ื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœืžื™ื“ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•ื™. ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ืžื ืขื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืขืœื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ย ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื. ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ย  ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ืื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

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ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื โ€“ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘. ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืจื—ื‘ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™" ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜.

ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจย  ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ืจืช, ืจืฆื•ื™ื”, ื›ื–ื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจืžืช ืขื•ืจ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ย ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื•ืืฃ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื.

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ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

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ืืœื‘ืง, ืฉ'( 1983). ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื” (3): 191-203.

ืืจืฆื™, ืข' (1991). ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”. ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ื“ื‘ื™ืจ.

ื‘ืจื•ื, ืœ' (1984). ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ืฆ'ืจื™ืงื•ื‘ืจ.

ื•ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื˜, ื“' ื•' (2005). ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“.

ื•ืœืจืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื’',ืก'ื•ืงืœื™, ื’'ื‘'(1984). ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ื–ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชืŸ.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ื”, ื–' ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื ' ื•ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืค', ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื', ืงื•ื˜ืœืจ, ืค' ื•ื ื™ืจ, ืž' (1977). ืกืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืฉืจ โ€“

ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื•ืจื” ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ื™ื (2): 100-106.

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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืœื“ื•. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช

ื—ื™ืคื”.ย ย 

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